The Collapse of Communism

Communism had collapes in eastern europe and The USSR had been condemned due to the corruption of its leadership and the lack of support from the other nations.In the end of this system became very violent ,it had left two of the most powerful nations in the world fearful of what was to happen next and afraid of what was to come.Communism had come to an end in Russia because it's government had been in debt and ha gone bankrupt. The arms race held against the United States had cost so much their current economy would not be able to rocover from the losses. Since the communist governments held property and owned everything in their country rather then letting the citizens this type of government in Russia had to be altered in order for their country to have any hope of recovery. that is the reason why the Cold War had been harsh and The Cold War itself had caused the end of the Communism in Russia.
ANd the reason the cold war had an affect was because of the Arms race in the and against the United states and the soviet unioun -Russia.

The Cuban Missile Crisis

In 1962, the soviet union desperately wanted to attack united state. Soviet missiles weren’t that powerful. It could only be affective against Europe but on the other hand U.S missiles were capable to destroy the whole soviet union. that’s why in 1962 soviet planned to attack U.S from Cuba. They thought U.S would be easy target from there. Soviet place there missiles in Cuba.

United state found out this secret in October 15 1962. This controversy was found with help of some photographs, which revealed the construction of soviet missiles in cube. As soon as it was found out president John Kennedy was informed. He immediately put his 12 best adviser to handle this crisis. Kennedy order to quarantine the whole area around Cuba and also order to stop weapon to be shipped to Cuba. In a conference Kennedy proclaim that any missile attack from Cuba on U.S will be regarded from soviet union. Kennedy warned soviet to move there weapon from Cuba before U.S take action against it. Every one knew about this crisis by October 25 1962. Both sides were worried bout it. They negotiate and soviet demanded U.S to remove their missiles from Turkey in exchange for soviet missiles from Cuba.

By 28 finally things were getting better between both side. Soviet missiles were removed from Cuba and U.S missiles were removed from Turkey. The Cuban missile crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war. Both side were ready to attack each other. It was stopped because of two bravery men Kennedy and Nikita.

Nelson Mandela Apartheid

There is no place in the world today where segregation has not hit. In the Continent of Africa, segregation was a major issue. In South America the government there adapted a policy of apartheid. This was a policy of segregation which was similar to the Jim Crow Laws in the Southern U.S. after the civil war. This was in the common sense to stop the majority which were non-white from voting and having a say in their country.

Southern Africa was lead by Nelson Mandela and others in their fight for a free and equal South Africa. Today Nelson Mandela is a symbol of hope like Dr.King and Gandhi who have become the peoples voice wherever there is apartheid or racial injustice. Nelson Mandela is considered a National Hero, not because he had freed his country of South Africa but rather because he did not give up.

He and many others were the immovable objects that nothing as strong as European Imperialism could move. He was the cornerstone of the South African people and was elected President in South Africa's first free election in 1994.

African Independence

The reason Africa had changed from the period of 1955-1975 was 1: by having more independent countries in Africa. There had beeen more independent countries in the twenty year period because some countries in Africa had fought to be independent against the colonists.
Africans wanted to show the world and other people that they can run their own country and industrialize Africa.

Some of the leaders that helped Africa was Jomo Kenyatta who was a nationalist leader of kenya,there was Mobuto who was the leader that ruled the country Zaire,and also
Leopold Senghor who was the first president Senegal. These are the few of many great leaders of Africa.

Film Lesson:The Right Stuff

The U.S. and the USSR were competing in a space race. In this movie it shows the early days of the U.S. space program or NASA. This was made in response to the communist country Russia's launching of the first satellite, Sputnik. This was the first satellite launched to space. Seeing this the U.S. decided to send the first man to space. They began searching for the perfect candidates and found the test pilots. While they tried all of this the also tried to launch a rocket into space. The USSR had already launched a rocket and this meant that the U.S. were behind the Russians.The test for the rockets took many months and each time the had failed. While doing all this NASA decided to send a chimp up to space. The first American up was a monkey while the first Russian up was a man. The U.S. and the astronauts felt threatened and felt like a joke that they were behind the Russians. The U.S. would then succeed in passing the USSR by sending the first man on the moon Neil Armstrong. This was a part of the many Apollo Missions. That what the movie had taken the real of what hapenned and made it into their movie.

NATO and The Warsaw Pact

The NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
The Warsaw Pact was formed by the soviet unions allies.
During the Cold War tensions were high and even though there was no actual fighting involved there was still a threat of war that the U.S. and the Soviets could not afford to ignore. It was that threat of war that prompted the U.S. to form an Alliance with several other countries who were also against Communism like France and Great Britain and named this Alliance NATO which stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Soviets, having heard of this Alliance felt threatened and formed there own alliance with countries that supported communism and they named there Alliance the WarSaw Pact. So basically the NATO and WARSAW PACT were precautionary Alliances that were made to feel more secure during the threat of Nuclear war in that time but of the two only NATO still runs today.

Film Lesson: "Schindler's List"

1. "Schindler's List" illustrated the Holocaust by showing scenes and having actors play all these jews and what they had gone through. each scene had been bought to life in the movie and showed the reality that the Nazi's and the Jews and the concentration camps,death camps, and ghettos all happenned and how.
2. Well i think that most of the scenes that we saw were very powerful and especially when the kids are all loaded to the trucks. They think they are going away but some try to hide. Still in the end all of them die because because to end the future generations they have to kill the kids and offsprings.
3. The images from the scene that will stay with me are when the Nazi's just shot anyone without and mercy and pain and the blood just gused out they had no sympathy what so ever and it was cruel and inhumane. the scenes from the beggining where 1 family ate their jewelery because it was expensive so the Nazi's couldn't take it. And how these poor people had to work and so much labor it was so sick what they had to go through,how they had almost no food,no sleeping space,the bathrooms were disgusting. Those i feel sad for. Also when in the end they had nowhere to go when they had been liberated and free to leave the camps.

Film Lesson: "Night and Fog"

1. Some of my reactions from "Night and Fog" was shock,terror,anger,sadness,and sympathy towards these Jews and others because they were treated beyond harsh conditions it was so horrible.The way the documentary had attracted me as a viewer because it tells you and shows you the pictures of what the people in the ghettos and concentration camps the death camps had to go through it was cruel really it was.
2. Yes I found the film powerful. because the way the documented film was made was powerful and the information had been horriying to know.
3. The documentary "Night and Fog" compared to the film "Schindler's List" some scenes were like in "Night and Fog" had a scene where there was hair from the women all over this humongous room that was supposed to used to make clothing, and in "Schindler's List" there was a scene showing when the women got into a concentration camp and they had to shave off all their hair. Also in "Night and Fog" there was a scene where the jews had to sleep three people in the conjested bunks that were supposesd to be beds and they looked very sick and ill.In schindler's list a scene had where the women had to sleep in same exact manner. It was crowded and bunched up.
4. I think "Schindler's List" had illustrated the holocaust more effectively though the documentary"Night and Fog" was very powerful film i think that seeing the movie and seeing how the people were treated gave me a look at actually what exactly had happenned.The documentary "Night and Fog" had the reall photos of the actual people from the holocaust and the "Schindler's List" had shown from a movie perspective what was going on.
   

The Treaty Of Versailles (Ended WWI)

Explain how the Treaty of Versailles affected Germany at the end of WW I. What were some of the rules of the treaty. Do you think the treaty was fair? Why?Some historians say that the Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of Fascism and Adolph Hitler. Why do you think historians say this?



During WWI there was a lot of grievance and devastation to other countries and especially to Germanny. Approxiamately 10,000,00 soldiers and troops around the world had passed away according to WWI. The Allies had wanted a scapegoat so they made germany pay for the damage and cost of all destruction that was done due to the war. So they passed a treaty which stated that germany was held responsible and accountable to fix damages of WWI. Take full responsibility for the war and damages, pay for the damages to city's and casualties in Populations, surrender most of there colonies,thereby creating Poland, limited military Air units,Tanks and Submarines,Prohibition of Poison Gas and Weapons,and Limited solders up to 100,000 Troops.This treaty was the Treaty Of Versailles. The treaty stated that Germany ws fully responsible in starting the war. But it really wasn't all fully only Germany's fault it was all the countries that had fought during WWI were definitely responsible as well.Some people say that Germany was not responsible for WWI. After all, it started when a Serbian shot an Austrian. Some Germans had also believed that Germany had been made a scapegoat, forcing it to take the blame for the entire war.The treaty also said that Germany would have to pay for all of the damage done to other countries. Germany’s size was reduced by 12.5%, resulting in a decrease in its population of 6,500,000. When the other countries took possession of German land, the people in it did not move. This made them "belong" to the countries that took over that land.
I also think the Treaty and facism brought up Hitler because Germany wanted to stay strong despite defeat and they needed a strong dictator to help the rise with the fallen.Adolf Hitler, a German, also Outrage with the Treaty. So he went against the rules.Like,Invading Rhineland, and Czechoslovakia. The Germans Joined in to fight for their colonies and Dignity Back. But they crossed the line when they invaded Poland. When that happened, it had marked the start of WWII.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) and the Modernization of Turkey

Explain how Mustafa Kemal (aka: Ataturk) modernized Turkey and made it more secular. What changes did he make? Also define secular.


Mustafa Kemal had modernized Turkey and he had made it more less religious(secular). Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a military hero at the Dardanelles in 1915. He was born in 1881 in Salonica (which is now Greece). Ataturk modernized Turkey by making the new legal system in Turkey that all citizens - men and women, rich and poor - equal before the law. It gave Turkey a firm foundation for a society of justice and equal rights. Successive wars had decimated manpower, agricultural production stood at a low level, and the huge foreign debts. Mustafa also developed a new language for his fellow Turks. It was based on latin script. Atatürk introduced other reforms like: European hats replaced the fez; women stopped wearing the veil; all citizens took surnames; and the Islamic calendar gave way to the Western calendar.



Define: Secular
Not specifically religious; Not bound by the vows of a monastic order; Temporal; something that is worldly or otherwise not based on something

Film Lesson- "Gandhi"

Explain how Gandhi helped his nation of India gain Independence from Great Britain. What were some of the things that he did? Explain his philosophy of non-violence; and explain how he used it effectively.Explain how Gandhi helped his nation of India gain Independence from Great Britain. What were some of the things that he did? Explain his philosophy of non-violence; and explain how he used it effectively.



Gandhi helped India to gain independence from Great Britian by using non-violence.Because when ever the Indians never fought back sooner or later the british would realize that they were doing wrong and when headlines in newspapers found out what the british were causing Great Britian would be embarrased and ashamed as well. Gandhi was a man of peace and non-violence, whenever his people would show rage and fight back he would fast and stop eating to make them realize that the way to independence and rights is not violence but peace.His nation of India gain independence because of the strategies he used against the British. He avoided using violence, and this made the British look careless of it's people. Civil disobedience is the refusal to obey and unjust law, which is what Gandhi did. The movie starts off with Gandhi getting thrown out of the train because he would not move to third class. Later in the movie, Gandhi realizes that British laws were being bias against Indians and decides to start a non-violent protest campaign for the rights of all Indians in South Africa.Gandhi declares a hunger strike, saying he will not eat until the fighting stops. The fighting does stop eventually, but the country is divided. It is decided that the northwest area of India, and eastern part of India ( Bangladesh) will become a new country called Pakistan. It is hoped that by encouraging the Muslims to live in a separate country, violence will come yo an end. Gandhi spends his last days trying to bring about peace between both nations. He thereby angers many dissidents on both sides, one of whom finally gets close enough to assassinate him.